Hi Brunei (broo-NYE) nice to meet you
4 30'N 114 40"E
https://www.slideshare.net/Granger1/malaysia-indonesia-singapore-east-timor-and-brunei
The nation of Brunei the Abode of peace, is a country in South East Asia. The capital is Bandar Seri Begawan. Their primary language is Malay with English being recognized. Brunei is a small but very wealthy oil rich country. They have many different cultures here with many different languages spoken. The list of languages and dialects which are ;
- Brunei Malay
- Jawi Malay
- Tutong dialect
- Kedayan dialect
- Belait dialect
- Chinese (Hokkien, Hakka, Mandarin and Cantonese)
- Indigenous languages
- Murut
- Dusun
- Brunei Bisaya
Geomorphology:
Brunei is on the northwest side of the island Borneo. It' is surrounded by water and land. It's north side is 1.3km of coastal line on the South China Sea, and the other 3 sides are the eastern Malaysia state of Sarawak.
The
panorama of Bandar Seri Begawan, showing Kampong Ayer in the Brunei River
during the 2013 Brunei Regatta.
There are mountains in the most southern part of Temburong district which is separated from the rest of Brunei by Malaysia and Brunei Bay. There is a national park there nestled in the middle of the rain forest. The summit levels range from 700-900 meters. the summit range of Bukit Pagon at 1,850 meters which are the highest in Brunei. The strong folded sediments give a rise with a striking ridge formation of sandstone with deep valleys of interbedded shale.
The upper basin which is most of Brunei's Muara district in the northern region as well as the interior are long lines of ridges and cuestas. They surround the upper catchments of Belait River (longest river in Brunei) and the Turong River and coastal lands. Most of the coastal areas are flat and swampy, made up of sand and gravel.
Demographics:
Population of Brunei is estimated to be 422,675.
Density is 72,11/km (186.8/sq mi.)
Ethnicity;
- 66.3% Malays
- 11.2% Chinese
- 3.4% Indigenous Bornean
- 2.3% Indians
- 16.8% others
youtube.com
Religion:
Culture:
The culture of Brunei is primarily Malay cultures with a strong influence from Islamic religion. The Bruneian culture comes from Malay Archipelago. There are 4 different periods of cultural influences they were Hindu, Islamic, and Western. They are also influenced by the demographic makeup of the country with two -thirds of the population are Malay and the rest are Chinese, Indians, and the Indigenous. Brunei has a large number of people who are short term workers. They are foreigners that work in positions like; oil and gas production workers, restaurant staff, field hands, and domestic staff. The strong Islamic religion is shown by the laws against selling alcohol and no meat may be consumed unless certified. They also have a holy month of fasting during the Ramadan.
Biogeography:
Brunei was thought to be part of a 977 AD letter to the emperor of China. Brunei was in trade with China as early as the 6th century. They had an alliance with the Javanese Majapahit Kingdom during the 13th through the 15th century. This is when Brunei can under the Hindu influence. With the decline of the Majapahit Kingdom Brunei became firmly rooted in Islam. It is said that Brunei was at its peak during the 15th through the 17th century. Its power ran from Northern Borneo to the Southern Philippines. Brunei started declining when Spain declared war in 1578. The Spaniards were driven out by the brother of the sultan with a thousand warriors (as folklore would tell it). Then came the British invasion in 1846 which lead to the signing of the Treaty of Labuan. In the 1880"s there was a decline in the Bruneian Empire. The sultan granted some land to the adventurer James Brookes who helped negotiate the treaty with the British. That land became the Kingdom of Sarawak. Over time Brooke and his family took over more land which they leased and annexed. This caused the loss of much of the Bruneian territory. In 1888 the Bruneian sultan ask British to help them stop the taking of their land so the British took over there foreign affairs per the treaty, but in 1890 the Kingdom of Sarawak annexed Brunei's Pandaruan District and the British did nothing to stop it. Now with the annex of Sarawak
District Brunei was left with small land mass they have now in two separate parts.
Independence:
In 1971 his Royal Highness Sultin Hassanal Boliah went to London
to discuss the 1959 constitution that declared that the British would
help make all the decisions pertaining to Brunei. A New agreement
was signed on November 23rd 1971 which stated that Brunei
would be granted full internal self-government and the UK would
maintain responsibility for external affairs and both Brunei and the
UK would share the responsibility in their defense. After a
few more treaties one in 1979 and the other in 1983, Brunei
announced as of January 1st 1984 they would be declared
independent.
Economic Development:
Brunei discovered petroleum in 1929. They were 2 men F.F. Marriot and T.G. Cochrane that smelled oil near the Seria River.
They found the oil drilled two wells as of 2009 they continue to
produce. Brunei started of shore drilling in 1957. Oil and Natural
Gas have been the leading Brunei's economic wealth and
development ever since. Brunei's next economic develop
ment plan was in 1962. They continue to production of Oil and Gas
but they also plan to promote the production of meat and eggs to
feed their citizens. Their fishing industry has also increased by
25%.
Birth and Death Rate:
* Islam (67%)
* Buddhism
(13%)
* Indigenous beliefs and
non-religious, Atheist or Agnostic (10%)
The official religion of Brunei is Islam. The branch of Islam is the Sunni Branch which is dictated by the Madhhab of Shafi'i. Most practice some sort of religion with elements of Buddhism. The Confucianism, and Taoism prefer to practice no religion which they are officially considered Atheist.
https://www.slideshare.net/Granger1/malaysia-indonesia-singapore-east-timor-and-brunei
The culture of Brunei is primarily Malay cultures with a strong influence from Islamic religion. The Bruneian culture comes from Malay Archipelago. There are 4 different periods of cultural influences they were Hindu, Islamic, and Western. They are also influenced by the demographic makeup of the country with two -thirds of the population are Malay and the rest are Chinese, Indians, and the Indigenous. Brunei has a large number of people who are short term workers. They are foreigners that work in positions like; oil and gas production workers, restaurant staff, field hands, and domestic staff. The strong Islamic religion is shown by the laws against selling alcohol and no meat may be consumed unless certified. They also have a holy month of fasting during the Ramadan.
Holidays:
- New Year's Day: 1 January
- Chinese New Year: Late of January to February
- National Day: 23 February (1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, while 23 February is marked as the date for the celebration)
- Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day: 31 May
- His Majesty The Sultan's Birthday: 15 July
- Hari Raya Aidilfitri: Month of Syawal in Islamic Calendar (End of June on 2017)
- His Majesty's 50 Years On The Throne: 15 October (only in 2017)
- Christmas Day: 25th December
Biogeography:
Brunei was thought to be part of a 977 AD letter to the emperor of China. Brunei was in trade with China as early as the 6th century. They had an alliance with the Javanese Majapahit Kingdom during the 13th through the 15th century. This is when Brunei can under the Hindu influence. With the decline of the Majapahit Kingdom Brunei became firmly rooted in Islam. It is said that Brunei was at its peak during the 15th through the 17th century. Its power ran from Northern Borneo to the Southern Philippines. Brunei started declining when Spain declared war in 1578. The Spaniards were driven out by the brother of the sultan with a thousand warriors (as folklore would tell it). Then came the British invasion in 1846 which lead to the signing of the Treaty of Labuan. In the 1880"s there was a decline in the Bruneian Empire. The sultan granted some land to the adventurer James Brookes who helped negotiate the treaty with the British. That land became the Kingdom of Sarawak. Over time Brooke and his family took over more land which they leased and annexed. This caused the loss of much of the Bruneian territory. In 1888 the Bruneian sultan ask British to help them stop the taking of their land so the British took over there foreign affairs per the treaty, but in 1890 the Kingdom of Sarawak annexed Brunei's Pandaruan District and the British did nothing to stop it. Now with the annex of Sarawak
District Brunei was left with small land mass they have now in two separate parts.
Independence:
In 1971 his Royal Highness Sultin Hassanal Boliah went to London
to discuss the 1959 constitution that declared that the British would
help make all the decisions pertaining to Brunei. A New agreement
was signed on November 23rd 1971 which stated that Brunei
would be granted full internal self-government and the UK would
maintain responsibility for external affairs and both Brunei and the
UK would share the responsibility in their defense. After a
few more treaties one in 1979 and the other in 1983, Brunei
announced as of January 1st 1984 they would be declared
independent.
The Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, is one of the longest-reigning monarchs. He was crowned in August 1968.
He is among the world's richest and in his country where the standard of living is relatively high, it appears that his popularity amongst his subjects is high as well.
Economic Development:
Brunei discovered petroleum in 1929. They were 2 men F.F. Marriot and T.G. Cochrane that smelled oil near the Seria River.
produce. Brunei started of shore drilling in 1957. Oil and Natural
Gas have been the leading Brunei's economic wealth and
development ever since. Brunei's next economic develop
ment plan was in 1962. They continue to production of Oil and Gas
but they also plan to promote the production of meat and eggs to
feed their citizens. Their fishing industry has also increased by
25%.
Climate:
Brunei is in the tropical equatorial it is humid at the higher altitudes along with heavy rainfall. The tropical equatorial has two seasons. One season is the dry season which is extremely hot with temperatures ranging from 75.2- 96.8 F and the other being the rainy or wet season with temperatures ranging 68.0-82.4 F. There isn't a good season or a bad season in Brunei, but most of the time it's warm and humid. The annual movements of the ITCZ and the trade wind fields produce Brunei's 2 seasons which are separated by traditional periods. Winter months are December through March which are called the "Northeast Monsoon".
During June and September the ITCZ becomes a monsoon trough. The southwest trades re-curve across the equator and become the "Southeast Monsoon". The traditional periods occur in April and May then again in October and November. There are two seasonal patterns for rain fall, they consist of two maxima's and two minima's. The first maxima is in October through January with December being the wettest. The second is minor maxima which is from May until July with May being wetter. The lowest minima is in February and March and the minor minima is from June to August.
Birth and Death Rate:
| Fertility Rate: | 1.9 births per woman | (2014) |
| Infant Mortality Rate: | 10.16 deaths/1,000 live births | (2015 est.) |
| Male: | 12.09 deaths/1,000 live births | (2015 est.) |
| Female: | 8.14 deaths/1,000 live births | (2015 est.) |
| Median Age: | total: 29.6 years | (2015 est.) |
| Male: | 29.2 years | (2015 est.) |
| Female: | 29.9 years | (2015 est.) |
| Life expectancy: | 76.97 years | (2015 est.) |
| Male: | 74.64 years | (2015 est.) |
| Female: | 79.41 years | (2015 est.) |
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12990058
http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/brunei.htm
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